Amino acid deficiencies or imbalances in commercial poultry diets can have profound consequences on bird health, growth, and productivity. Adequate amino acids (like for example methionine, lysine and threonine) are essential for protein synthesis, tissue development, and immune function (Moran, 2007). Deficiencies in key amino acids such as methionine and lysine often lead to reduced feed intake, slower growth rates, and poor feed conversion ratios (Liu et al., 2012), this is why crystalline amino acid (D,L-methionine, L-lysine and L-threonine) supplementation is of utmost importance. Imbalances can also impair reproductive performance, decreasing hatchability and egg quality (Sreedhar et al., 2019).
Moreover, amino acid deficiencies compromise immune responses, making birds more susceptible to diseases like Newcastle disease and avian influenza (Yue et al., 2014). Chronic shortages in lysine may result in muscle atrophy, including reductions in breast muscle mass, which directly affects meat yield and economic returns (Zhang et al., 2018). Additionally, amino acid imbalances can alter metabolic processes, leading to increased fat deposition or inefficient nutrient utilization (Kidd et al., 2010). On a physiological level, deficiencies impair intestinal health and enzyme activity, further reducing nutrient absorption efficiency (Leeson & Summers, 2001). The literature emphasizes that precise amino acid formulation is critical; deviations can cause subclinical issues that subtly diminish performance over time (Lemme et al., 2004).
). Furthermore, amino acid imbalances may exacerbate environmental concerns by increasing nitrogen excretion, contributing to pollution (Sørensen et al., 2010). Neglecting amino acid balance not only compromises individual bird welfare but also impacts the economic viability of poultry operations. Therefore, ongoing research underscores the importance of precise nutritional management (highlighted the usage of crystallin amino acids) to prevent the adverse outcomes associated with amino acid deficiencies and imbalances.
Conclusion
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